NAD+ and healthy aging: what the science says

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a coenzyme found in every living cell. It shuttles electrons in the reactions that convert food into cellular energy and serves as fuel for sirtuins and PARP enzymes involved in DNA repair and cellular stress responses.

Research consistently shows that NAD+ levels decline substantially with age — by some estimates, falling to half of youthful levels by middle age. This decline has been linked in preclinical research to features of aging such as reduced mitochondrial function and slower cellular repair.

NAD+ therapy aims to restore these levels through direct supplementation, most commonly via subcutaneous injection, nasal spray, or topical formulations. Patients frequently report improved energy and mental clarity, though individual responses vary and human clinical evidence is still developing.

As with any therapy, quality and supervision matter. NAD+ preparations offered through licensed providers are compounded in state-regulated pharmacies; compounded preparations are not FDA-reviewed, so working with a clinician who can tailor dose and monitor your response is essential.